LNG Global Intelligence: Supply, Hormuz & European Demand
LNG Supply Intelligence Report · March 2026 · Public Data Synthesis

GLOBAL LNG — Supply Chains, Chokepoints & European Demand HORMUZ · NORTH AMERICA · EUROPE

Qatar · UAE · Oman — Hormuz-Dependent
USA · Canada · Mexico — Atlantic/Pacific
EU-27 + UK — Import Demand & Storage
CRITICAL CONTEXT: EU gas storage entered March 2026 at approximately ~35–39% capacity — well below the five-year average, driven by a brutal withdrawal season. Europe is simultaneously banning Russian LNG (Jan 2027) and pipeline gas (Sep 2027) while competing globally for the same spot cargoes that North America and the Middle East produce. The key strategic question is: which supplier bloc fills the Russian gap, and what happens if the Strait of Hormuz is disrupted while EU storage is at multi-year lows?
EU-27 Avg. Storage
European Union
39%
of capacity · as of Feb 16, 2026
0%25%50% SAFE75%100%
▼ Began season at 63% (vs 72% prior year)
Germany
🇩🇪 Germany
23%
of UGS capacity · Feb 16, 2026
0%25%50%75%100%
▼ Critical — near technical minimum
France & Netherlands
🇫🇷 France · 🇳🇱 NL
~19%
France 23.6% · Netherlands 14.3%
0%25%50%75%100%
▼ NL near “technical gas” minimum
Austria / Ukraine Buffer
🇦🇹 Austria · 🇺🇦 Ukraine
39 / 19%
Austria above avg · Ukraine critically low
UA:19%AT:39%100%
⚠ Ukraine: war damage + no Russia transit
EU LNG Imports 2026F
73.6
Mt · +29% YoY (Kpler)
US Share of EU LNG (Q3 2025)
60%
Up from 24% in 2021 (Eurostat)
Qatar Share of EU LNG (Q3 2025)
6%
Down from ~15% peak (Eurostat)
Russia Share EU LNG (H1 2025)
13%
Banned Jan 1, 2027 (long-term)
EU Storage Target (Nov 2026)
96%
Kpler forecast — if LNG surge holds
End-of-Winter Storage (Mar 2026F)
~25%
ING forecast — record low scenario
EU LNG Spend 2022–H1 2025
€258
Billion — €117bn from US alone
EU Total LNG Regasif. Capacity
215
Bcm/yr (33 large terminals)
EU LNG Imports by Origin — Q3 2025 (% share)
EU LNG Origin Shift 2021 → 2025
LNG Exports Jan–Sep 2025 · Global Producers (Mt)
EU Storage Trajectory · 2025–26 season (%)
EU LNG Import vs Pipeline Share Q1 2025 inflection
Key Suppliers to the EU/UK Market · Current Status & Hormuz Dependency
Supplier Q3 2025 EU Share Volume Trend Hormuz Risk Status 2026–27
🇺🇸 United States ▲ +19pp YoY · Record H1 2025 ✓ Zero exposure Expanding rapidly — filling Russian gap
🇷🇺 Russia (Yamal/Arctic) ▼ Declining · Ban Apr 2026 ✓ Arctic/Atlantic route BAN — short-term Apr 26, long-term Jan 2027
🇩🇿 Algeria ▼ −5.8pp YoY ✓ Mediterranean route Stable pipeline + LNG; capacity constrained
🇶🇦 Qatar ▼ Fallen from 15% peak ⚠ 100% Hormuz dependent IEA: urged to replace Russia by 2027; NFE expansion mid-2026
🇳🇬 Nigeria / Angola / TT ▲ Growing H1 2025 ✓ Atlantic route Limited upside; production constrained in Nigeria
🇨🇦 Canada (LNG Canada) ▲ First cargo Jul 2025 ✓ Pacific route → mostly Asia Not primarily EU-facing; Pacific-oriented
EU Storage vs 5-yr Average · Withdrawal Season 2025–26
Russia Gas Phase-Out Timeline · EU Supply Gap (bcm)
⬛ Critical Risk
Hormuz Disruption + Low EU Storage
If a Hormuz disruption occurred at current EU storage levels (~35–39%), Europe would face an acute crisis. Qatar supplies only 6% of EU LNG now, but is the IEA’s recommended replacement for Russian gas. Any escalation cutting Hormuz access as Europe competes for summer injection cargoes would be particularly damaging, potentially pushing TTF prices back toward 2022 highs.
⬛ High Risk
Russian Ban Gap — Jan 2027 Deadline
Russia still supplies ~13% of EU LNG (H1 2025). The ban takes effect Apr 2026 (short-term contracts) and Jan 2027 (long-term). The 15 bcm/yr Turkstream pipeline gas must also end by Sep 2027. The US is expected to fill most of this gap, but the EU has signed a commitment to purchase $750bn of US energy through 2028, creating a new dependency dynamic under Trump-era trade leverage.
◧ Medium Risk
Summer 2026 Injection Competition
EU must refill from ~25–35% to 90% by November 2026 (regulatory target). This requires a record 73.6 Mt of LNG imports for 2026. At the same time, China and India are competing for the same spot cargoes. If Asian LNG demand recovers strongly in 2026, Europe will face bidding competition for cargoes — driving TTF higher and squeezing industrial consumers.
◧ Medium Risk
Germany FSRU Delays & Infrastructure
Germany’s Stade FSRU terminal (3.7 MTPA) has been delayed again to Q2 2026 and represents a material downside risk to Kpler’s bullish EU import forecast. Germany’s storage hit 23% — near technical minimums. Germany is still building its LNG import base: the Wilhelmshaven 2 FSRU only started in Aug 2025. Wilhelmshaven 1 paused operations in early 2025 due to unmarked capacity.
◈ Strategic Opportunity
US Dominance Locked In — EU Trade Deal
The July 2025 Prestwick Agreement commits the EU to $750bn in US energy purchases through 2028. The US now holds 60% of EU LNG market share — up from 24% in 2021. With Golden Pass, Plaquemines Phase 2, and Corpus Christi Stage III all online, US export capacity is the structural backstop for European supply security, reducing (but not eliminating) Qatar dependency risk.
◻ Positive Outlook
Global LNG Glut 2027–2028 = Lower TTF
~300 bcm/yr of new global LNG export capacity comes online by 2030 (+50% global supply). ING, HSBC and Kpler forecast a structural surplus from 2027, with TTF potentially falling to US SRMC levels (~$6/MMBtu). For European consumers and industry, this is bullish: lower long-run gas costs, easier refills, and reduced geopolitical price risk — assuming no major supply disruption intervenes.
Date Event Bloc EU Impact Status
Q1 2026 Golden Pass LNG Train 1 first cargo (QatarEnergy/ExxonMobil) USA +~6 MTPA US supply hitting Atlantic markets Imminent
Apr 2026 EU ban on Russian LNG — short-term contracts expire Russia ~3–5 bcm/yr short-term volume must be replaced Confirmed
Mid-2026 Qatar North Field East (NFE) — first production train Qatar +8 MTPA Qatar capacity, could redirect EU-bound cargoes On track
Q2 2026 Germany Stade FSRU terminal — delayed commissioning EU 3.7 MTPA import capacity at risk of further delay Delayed
Jun 2026 EU ban on Russian pipeline gas — short-term contracts Russia ~5 bcm Turkstream short-term flows cease Confirmed
Nov 2026 EU storage target: 90% full ahead of 2026–27 winter EU Requires record injection season — 73.6 Mt LNG Target
Jan 2027 EU ban on Russian LNG — long-term contracts expire Russia ~10 bcm/yr removed; US + Qatar must absorb Confirmed
2027 Qatar NFE Trains 2–4 + North Field South production Qatar IEA recommends redirection to EU as Russia exits Construction
Sep 2027 Full ban on Russian pipeline gas (Turkstream long-term) Russia Last ~10 bcm/yr pipeline gas eliminated from EU Confirmed
2028 UAE Ruwais LNG (9.6 MTPA) — first production UAE More Hormuz-dependent supply; may target EU if Qatar full On track
2027–28 Global LNG surplus — 300 bcm/yr new supply online Global Bearish TTF; lower refill costs; reduced energy crisis risk Forecast
DATA SOURCES: Eurostat EU Energy Imports Q3 2025 (Jan 2026) · IEEFA European LNG Tracker (Oct 2025) · Gas Infrastructure Europe AGSI+ Weekly Storage Data (Feb 2026) · Bruegel European Natural Gas Imports Dataset (Feb 6, 2026) · European Commission Gas Market Report Q2 2025 (Jan 15, 2026) · Kpler European Natural Gas Outlook 2026 (Dec 16, 2025) · ING Think: LNG Surge Eases European Supply Concerns (Dec 8, 2025) · S&P Global Commodity Insights: EU Gas 2026 Outlook (Dec 19, 2025) · Intereconomics: Geopolitics and Europe’s Natural Gas Supply (2025) · EIA Natural Gas Weekly (Jan 21, 2026) · CEE Energy News: EU Storage 2025 Year-End (Jan 2, 2026) · EIA Country Analysis: Qatar · EU-US Prestwick Agreement (Jul 27, 2025) · All figures in public domain. Report compiled March 2026.

🇺🇸 United States — LNG Supply & Storage

Natural Gas Production U.S. dry natural gas production currently stands at ~107.7 Bcf/d, with forecasts pointing to 109.1 Bcf/d in 2026.

LNG Export Capacity & Volumes LNG exports grew from 0.5 Bcf/d in 2016 to 15.0 Bcf/d in 2025. The EIA’s February 2026 Short-Term Energy Outlook forecasts U.S. LNG exports to exceed 18.1 Bcf/d by 2027. The U.S. currently holds eight operational LNG export terminals and is the world’s largest LNG exporter, ahead of Australia and Qatar. U.S. Energy Information Administration

Feedgas Demand (Live Operations) As of late January 2026, U.S. LNG feedgas demand averaged approximately 19.3 Bcf/d — up 0.8 Bcf/d week-on-week — with all terminals operating at or near nameplate capacity. This is roughly 5 Bcf/d higher than January 2025 levels. RBN Energy

New Capacity Coming Online Plaquemines LNG (Phase 1) shipped its first cargo in December 2024. Corpus Christi Stage III and Plaquemines Phase 2 began shipping cargoes in early 2025. Golden Pass LNG is expected to ship its first cargo in early 2026. The EIA expects U.S. export capacity to nearly double by 2031 compared to December 2025 levels. U.S. Energy Information Administration

Underground Storage (Most Recent EIA Report) For the week ending February 13, 2026, working gas in underground storage fell 144 Bcf to 2,070 Bcf — sitting 59 Bcf below the same time last year and 123 Bcf below the five-year average. Every major U.S. region posted a net draw. Premier Energy Mgmt

End-of-Season Forecast The EIA’s February Short-Term Energy Outlook forecasts U.S. natural gas inventories to end the withdrawal season (late March) at under 1.9 trillion cubic feet — 8% below previous projections. Henry Hub spot prices are forecast to average $4.30/MMBtu in 2026. U.S. Energy Information Administration Winter Storm Fern in January drove what the EIA described as the largest single-week storage withdrawal in the history of the Weekly Natural Gas Storage Report.

Prices (Late February 2026) April natural gas futures traded in a narrow $2.818–$2.894/MMBtu range in late February, with traders balancing hardy export activity against weakening weather demand and robust supply. Natural Gas Intelligence


🇨🇦 Canada — LNG Supply & Reserves

LNG Canada (First Export Terminal) LNG Canada, located in British Columbia, shipped its first cargo in July 2025 from Train 1. The facility has a combined capacity of 1.84 Bcf/d across two trains and is anticipated to reach full capacity in 2026. A proposed Phase 2 would double capacity to 3.68 Bcf/d. U.S. Energy Information Administration

Feedgas Source & Market Advantage LNG Canada sources feedgas from the Montney Formation in Alberta and British Columbia. Its west coast location reduces shipping times to Asian markets by ~50% compared with U.S. Gulf Coast terminals. U.S. Energy Information Administration

Production Trends Canadian producers set records in 2025, flooding the market with supply. LNG Canada’s ramp-up is expected to absorb roughly 2 Bcf/d of Western Canadian feedgas in early 2026 — approximately 10% of total Western Canada production — which is expected to support benchmark AECO/NOVA prices. Bullish price projections for AECO in 2026 cluster around C$3.20–3.80/GJ. Natural Gas Intelligence


🇲🇽 Mexico — LNG Developments

Mexico has two LNG export projects under construction with a combined 0.6 Bcf/d capacity: Fast LNG Altamira FLNG2 (0.2 Bcf/d, east coast) and Energía Costa Azul (0.4 Bcf/d, west coast). Both source feedgas from the United States. U.S. Energy Information Administration Energía Costa Azul is expected to enter service in spring 2026, and Mexico’s power sector continues to grow with more gas-fired generation units coming online. Natural Gas Intelligence


North American LNG Capacity Trajectory

North American LNG export capacity is on track to grow from 11.4 Bcf/d at the start of 2024 to 28.7 Bcf/d by 2029, if all projects under construction begin operations as planned. North American capacity additions are expected to account for over 50% of total global LNG additions through 2029. U.S. Energy Information Administration


Market Context

The IEA reports that North American natural gas demand increased by an estimated 2.5% year-on-year in the first half of 2025. Global LNG demand growth is forecast to accelerate to around 2% in 2026 as considerable new LNG supply comes to market and eases market fundamentals. IEA


Key Data Sources:

  • U.S. EIA Weekly Natural Gas Storage Report (release: Feb 26, 2026)
  • EIA February 2026 Short-Term Energy Outlook (Feb 10, 2026)
  • EIA “Ten Years of U.S. LNG” analysis (Feb 24, 2026)
  • IEA Natural Gas Market Report
  • RBN Energy LNG Voyager / NGI Daily Price Index
  • EIA Liquefaction Capacity File

European Storage: A Structural Vulnerability

As of February 16, German and EU storage reserves have fallen to record lows — Germany at 23%, France at 23.6%, and the Netherlands at a striking 14.3%, which is essentially “technical gas” that is near-impossible to withdraw. Despite these figures, regulators across most member states insist the situation is under control with no expected shortages before spring. Worldometer

Kpler expects EU-27 storage to exit the 2025–26 winter at around 36% full — but forecasts stocks can recover to 96% by November 2026 if LNG imports hit a record 73.6 Mt across the injection season, a 29% year-on-year increase. World Population Review

The US Has Captured Europe’s Gas Market

In Q3 2025, the United States supplied 59.9% of all EU LNG imports — up 19 percentage points year-on-year — while Russia fell to 12.7% and Qatar to just 6.0%. U.S. Energy Information Administration This is a remarkable transformation: from the beginning of 2022 to June 2025, EU countries spent €117.4 billion on US LNG, €37.5 billion on Russian LNG, and €34.4 billion on Qatari LNG. U.S. Energy Information Administration

The Russia Exit and the Qatar Question

The EU ban on Russian LNG short-term contracts takes effect April 2026, with long-term contracts banned by January 2027. The remaining ~15 bcm/yr of Turkstream pipeline gas must also end by September 2027. The US — with ~55 bcm of new LNG export capacity ramping up in 2025–26 — is expected to fill most of this gap. Natural Gas Intelligence

IEA director Fatih Birol has urged the EU to replace Russian LNG with Qatari supplies from 2027 onward, when Qatar’s North Field expansion projects come online. Qatar’s CEO confirmed NFE will begin production mid-2026, targeting 142 MTPA total capacity by 2030. U.S. Energy Information Administration

The critical strategic tension the dashboard illustrates: the IEA’s preferred Russian replacement (Qatar) is 100% Hormuz-dependent, while Europe’s current dominant supplier (the US) is free of any chokepoint risk — but now comes with its own geopolitical leverage, as evidenced by the $750bn Prestwick trade commitment.